the part of society, universities, that is connected with studying and thinking
He had spent all of his adult life in academia because he was a history professor.
conviction
a strongly held opinion about something
I have a strong conviction that this is the truth.
culture
a form or type of civilization of a certain race or nation
The show at the university had a lot of Asian culture in it.
exile
to force someone out of his or her home country
After the death threats on his life, he took his family and went into exile in France.
fundamentally
of central importance, at the core of something
The judge was fundamentally opposed to allowing an extension.
literature
pieces of writing, such as novels, stories, poems and plays that are regarded as excellent and important
You can study literature in school.
negotiate
to reach an agreement through discussion
The employees negotiated a new contract with their employer.
persecute
to ill-treat, oppress or harass
Her people were persecuted in her country.
regime
a system of government
The dictator’s regime held the people of the country virtually powerless.
threaten
to be a source of danger for something
The trout will produce more offspring when populations are threatened.
aristocracy
a privileged ruling class
Princess Diana's father was a member of the British aristocracy.
baptism
세례
crude
rough, unfinished
Often his ways appear incredibly crude to us moderns until we remember how our next-door neighbor acts in like emergencies.
eliminate
to remove something that is no longer wanted or needed
All the mistakes were eliminated from the document.
monastery
a place where monks live
Monks no longer live in the monastery, but tourists can visit the historic site.
reside
to live in a particular place
The young couple will reside in a house in London.
sparse
being few in number and often widely spread
The edge of the desert had only sparse vegetation.
summon
to call upon for a specified action
The principal summoned me to his office.
apex
the top
The climbers celebrated after they reached the apex of the mountain.
conjure
to affect by or as if by invocation or spell.
When she is depressed, she enjoys conjuring up images of her happy childhood.
deem
to judge something to be a certain way
He was told not to do anything that was deemed ungentlemanly.
facilitate
to make it easier for an event to occur
The telephone is a way to facilitate communication between people who are apart.
implement
to start acting according to a certain decision, plan, agreement, etc.
The school implemented a new uniform policy for its students.
pinpoint
to determine the exact nature or cause of
Her symptoms were so general, it was difficult to pinpoint the exact cause of her pain.
protrude
to stick out
The chimney protruded out from the middle of the roof, causing it to be an eyesore.
supplement
to add an extra part to something in order to improve it, complete it, or raise it to an acceptable level
The wife supplemented their income by babysitting.
technological
relating to technology
This laptop uses the latest technological advances from the field of wireless networking.
transportation
an act, system, or business of moving people or goods from one place to another
What kind of transportation do you use to get to school?
combustion
an act or instance of burning
dependence
the quality or state of being dependent
Social welfare programs should discourage people from developing a dependence on them.
distributor
a company or person that supplies shops and companies with goods
Which distributor should we order from?
firm
a company or business
She has been offered partnership at the law firm where she works.
jug
a large container, usually for liquids, wih a narrow opening and a handle
There was a(n) jug of water and some bread.
mobilize
동원하다
significant
having a big or important effect
His girlfriend had a significant place in his heart.
tier
one of several rows or levels of something that is higher than the previous row or level
The third tier of the wedding cake had a small picture of the bride and groom.
vaporize
to cause (something) to change into a vapor
Water normally vaporizes at 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
biological
being related to the study of life and living things
Three of her children were biological and three were adopted.
disprove
to prove false
The scientist disproved the theory that the sun moved around the Earth.
ferment
to go through a chemical change that produces alcohol
The wine will be stronger if you let it ferment longer.
innovation
something new and original, especially a new product, idea, method, etc. innovation requires noticing signals outside the company itself: signals in the community, the environment, and the world at large.
moderate
being average in quantity or size
Jeju Island has a moderate climate.
organic
relating to living things
These organic vegetables have a better taste than the factory-cleaned brand.
structure
the way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized
Pyramids are some of the most interesting structures.
swift
quick swiftly blend dry ingredients with wet ingredients and transfer to baking pan.
synthesize
to form something new by combining two or more different things
The scientist learned to synthesize the elements into a powerful medication.
yeast
a type of fungus that is used to make bread rise while it bakes
You must be careful not to use too much yeast, otherwise the bread will grow too big.
bond
a feeling that unites people
Afraid of the world that is portrayed on TV, people do not build bonds with their neighbors.
helix
a spiral
Guggenheim Museum is shaped in a helix.
isolate
to cause to be alone or apart from others
The teacher isolated the bad child from the class before talking with her.
respectively
with regards to each of several persons or things as mentioned, in the order they were mentioned
In the race, Gerald and Errolcame first and third respectively.
rung
a step
One of the rungs of the ladder beneath my feet broke.
simplicity
The simplicity of something is the fact that it is easy to do or understand.
We were able to find the house thanks to the simplicity of the directions.
strand
a thin hair-like part
We are going to be stranded on this island forever.
submerge
To submerge something means to put it below the surface of a liquid.
At the close of the Ice Age the entire region was submerged beneath a lake of meltwater. [133403내용일치]빙하기가 끝났을 때 그 전 지역은 빙하가 녹은 물로 된 호수 밑으로 잠겼다.
twist
to cause something to become curved or change its shape
The road twists and turns through the mountains.
antibiotic
a medicine or chemical that can destroy harmful bacteria in the body or limit their growth
I had to take an antibiotic for my ear infection.
complication
an additional and often unexpected problem
There were no complications from the surgery, so he was able to go home in two days.
extract
to remove or take out, especially by effort or force
The perfume is made from essential oils that were extracted from tropical flowers.
fungus
any of a related group of plants that grow on dead materials and have no flowers
A strange fungus was growing on the bread.
invasive
entering or spreading in a place that belongs to someone or something else
Cancer is so deadly because it is such an invasive disease.
manufacture
to make a large amount of products in a factory
The company that manufactures cars, makes a lot of pollution.
pneumonia
a serious illness that affects the lungs and makes breathing difficult
I'll get pneumonia or something.T'm getting out!.
rigid
not being easy to bend or break
Some empires were big, but the rigid social control required to hold an empire together was not beneficial to science, just as it was not beneficial to reason.
toxic
poisonous
Be careful, that paint is toxic.
addiction
a dependence on a behavior or sub-stance that a person is powerless to stop
Some people have a gambling addiction, which can result in a complete loss of finances.
analgesic
capable of relieving pain
This cream contains a mild analgesic to soothe stings and bites.
initially
at first; in the beginning
I initially bought this bag for myself, but I decided to give it to my sister.
monitor
to keep track of; to watch in order to notice changes
They will monitor building entrances.
needle
a small, thin instrument used for sewing
The nurse put a needle in Hank’s arm.
opium
a drug made from the seeds of a poppy
There were a lot of men sitting around and smoking opium.
possess
to have or own something, or to have a particular quality or ability
I hope that I will possess great knowledge and wisdom someday.
prescribe
to give by special order
I was having horrible back pain until the doctor prescribed me this new medicine.
severe
being very serious or extremely bad
After the severe storm, we felt lucky that we survived.
substance
a particular type of material
There was a strange black substance on the floor.
composition
a written piece of music
Chopin’s composition’s included funeral marches.
descent
the people in a person's family who were born before that person
Various people in this area are of German descent.
emulate
to try to be like; to imitate
Serena always tries to emulate her older sister.
evolve
to change slowly over time; to develop
Over time, art has evolved into a way to express oneself.
gut
the intestines or stomach
In some countries, people eat pig guts.
quill
a large bird feather
The quills of a porcupine protect it from predators.
resonance
a sound produced when air is present
At a large number of hospitals, physicians can now order an image of the patient's brain, using a technique called magnetic resonance imaging
sustain
to supply what is necessary to allow something to continue or exist
undergo
to experience something, especially something negative
She had to undergo surgery to remove the tumor in her brain.
emotive
causing strong feelings
Child abuse is a highly emotive issue.
etymologist
an expert in the origin and history of words
She is an etymologist and is fascinated by the new words being developed in the computer world.
morph
to change one thing to another
She took a volunteer position at the radio station which morphed into a full time job.
phonograph
a device that is able to make sounds from a record
Edison's most famous inventions are the electric light bulb and the phonograph.
pioneer
a person who explores or creates new ideas and methods
Florence Nightingale was a pioneer in hospital reform.
segregation
to keep one group of people apart from another and treat them differently
Racial segregation in the United States prevented blacks and whites from eating in the same restaurants.
stark
complete
Her life now is in stark contrast to her life before she had the baby.
subservient
acting like a servant
The husband is subservient to his wife because he's afraid of her.
assimilate
To take in; to absorb; to learn thoroughly
She had no problems assimilating into her new culture.
cede
yield, give way
civilization
an organized society where technology and culture are highly developed
Archaeologists are realizing that civilization has always existed.
economic
having to do with trade, industry, and money
The business closed due to economic reasons.
incur
to bring (something undesirable) upon oneself; to result in
Her family did not have much money, so she incurred a lot of debt while attending university.
manipulate
to control someone and make him or her do what you want, often in a dishonest manner
He was one of those men who manipulated people.
oppress
to press down; to rule in a cruel way
The evil dictator oppressed his people, taking all he could from them and treating them like slaves.
tangible
physical; able to be seen or touched
The police had no tangible evidence against the suspect; it was only a suspicion.
territory
A territory is a piece of land that belongs to a country but isn't a state.
Different departments protected their territory.
victory
승리
When she won, it was a great victory for her country.
appeal
to be of interest
After seeing his exam results, he appealed to his teacher for a better grade.
controversial
causing a great deal of argument, discussion, or conflict
The president has made several controversial decisions that many people do not agree with.
diplomacy
the tactful handling of sensitive relationships
He discussed the sensitive issue between the two sides with great diplomacy.
fascinate
to cause a person to become very interested in something
I’ve always been fascinated with space.
literary
being related to literature
The literary club met every other week and discussed a classic novel.
numerous
consisting of or being present in large numbers
The man had numerous wives in many different countries.
philosopher
a person who studies ideas about things such as the meaning of life and truth
The German philosopher Karl Marx wrote the book Das Kapital.
prophet
someone who predicts the future
The Bible speaks of different prophets who warned people about coming disasters.
strategy
a careful plan or method
When you are making a moral decision, this egocentric strategy backfires.
albeit
although, not withstanding that
The movie was quite funny, albeit not very realistic.
allocate
to use something or a particular amount of something for a specific purpose
The Customer Service department was allocated 60,000 dollars, which was greater than the amount allocated to any other department.
backlash
a strong action against something
After the senator made the comment about ethnic minorities, there was a backlash against his campaign.
fragment
a part that is broken off of something
That piece of wood was a fragment chipped off from the coffin.
integrate
to combine something with something else to create a whole
To improve efficiency of the company, they integrated many of the departments.
metaphor
a figure of speech based on analogy
The phrase "I had fallen through a trapdoor of depression" is using trapdoor as a metaphor. One has not literally fallen througha trapdoor.
tolerate
to let people do, say or believe what they wish, without judging or challenging them
The actions of the students were not tolerated by the professor.
tribe
a social group made up of many families that share the same language, customs, and beliefs
Various Indian tribes spread out over the plains and lived off the land.
vie
to compete with other people to achieve or obtain something
Because she has eight children, all the children are constantly vying for their mother's attention.
alternatively
suggesting another choice
You can enter university as soon as you finish high school. alternatively, you may choose to defer.
confound
to confuse and greatly surprise someone, so that they are unable to explain or deal with a situation
The patient confounded his doctors by being able to walk despite his broken leg.
efficient
productive, using minimal time and resources
That's right. It's a very efficient system.
fluctuate
to vary continuously in strength or value
The inconsistent student had fluctuating grades.
inflation
a continual rise in the prices of products
Gas prices have become very expensive due to country's inflation.
moldy
a fungus that grows on materials, such as cloth, rubber, plants
He threw away a moldy crust of bread.
monetary
of or related to money, often referring to a country's economic system
She placed a high monetary value on her handcrafted purses.
perish
죽다, 비명횡사하다
If this dry weather continues, the animals may perish from lack or water.
retrieve
get back
After her computer crashed, there was no way to retrieve the information from the hard drive.
standard
something used as a basis of measurement
The teacher asked for high standards of behavior.
ally
a person or group that joins another for a cause or against common enemies
Another strong ally of the Pyeongchang 2018 bid has been Korean Air Chairman and the head of the 2018 bid committee, Cho Yang-ho.
border
경계, 국경
A river marks the border between the United States and Mexico.
consumer
a person who buys and uses products and services
When shopping, you should be a smart consumer and compare prices.
endorse
to support or actively encourage
exploit
to take advantage of or treat someone badly in order to get something good for yourself
Responsible consumers do not buy products that were produced in sweatshops where children and other workers are exploited.
labor
hard work
After several hours of hard labor, the workers completed the job.
lucrative
producing a lot of money
Restaurants may not always be among the most lucrative businesses.
offend
to displease or anger someone through one's words or actions
Joseph was offended.
profit
money remaining after business expenses are deducted
She made a big profit selling Christmas decorations.
abandon
to leave a person who needs your help
The home was abandoned after the hurricane had damaged it beyond repair.
affinity
attraction to
He had an affinity for cats and dogs.
artistic
having the characteristics of an artist
Cassie likes to paint and also to do other artistic activities.
cater
to satisfy someone's special needs and desires
The parents catered to their child's every needs.
classify
to place people or things into groups based on common features
Since plants are so useful to us, it is a good idea to classify or put them into special groups.
dominate
지배하다
Our team's defense will dominate the game, and the other team will have difficulty scoring points.
fundamentally
of central importance, at the core of something
The judge was fundamentally opposed to allowing an extension.
intrapersonal
대인 관계의
variety
the quality of having many different things or many different types of things
Salt has been used since then to make a variety of different cheeses.
compensate
to make equivalent
His zeal and compassion more than compensates his lack of experience in the field.
concrete
relating to something that is physical or real
The police did not have any concrete evidence to arrest the criminal.
conversely
(formal) in an opposite manner to something else
James is very conservative in his views conversely, his sister is more liberal thinking.
obsess
to think about too often
Some people are obsessed with sports.
superb
excellent
His conclusion was only theoretical and not meant to be publicized.
trauma
emotionally or physically painful experience
The event is relieved with all accompanying trauma.
trivia
a question typically asked of a relatively obscure or unpopular fact
The trivia show on television was popular all over the nation.
underlying
basic; fundamental
Her underlying fear of flying reduced her traveling options.
administrator
someone who ADMINISTERS or manages something
Sara works as a school administrator.
colony
a group of people in a place far from their original home
England’s plan to establish colonies in North America was founded on a false idea.
fulfill
to finish or provide something successfully
Sherlock Holmes does not like to tell people about his plans until the moment they are fulfilled.
hostile
fierce; unfriendly
We were happy to move away from our hostile neighbor.
magnitude
something's size, extent, degree, or importance
They did not realize the magnitude of the problem.
prominent
well-known and respected
He is a very prominent and successful author.
prospect
the possibility that something could happen
The prospect of getting into a good college makes students aim for high SAT scores.
soar
to increase rapidly; to become higher
As the stock market and currency value declined, the price of gold soared.
sustain
to supply what is necessary to allow something to continue or exist
No one can sustain too much suffering alone.
diverse
different; of various kinds
The culture of Europe is very diverse.
elegance
the quality of grace, style, or beauty
The princess was known for her elegance and charm.
generate
생산하다, 만들다
Since many people will buy this product, it will generate lots of income for the company.
paradigm
a model or example
An accurate paradigm explains and guides.
reconcile
to bring together people or ideas that were separated
Before the group could move forward, they had to first reconcile their differences.
revival
a reawakening
The religious revival swept the entire nation.
ridicule
to make fun of or laugh at
His foolish action exposed him to ridicule.
stationary
being still or unmoving
The doctor required her to ride a stationary bike for 30 minutes each day.
verify
to prove that something is right or true
You should verify that statement by looking it up in the book.
biologist
a scientist who studies living things
inverse
something inverse or resulting in or from inversion
membrane
a thin layer of skin or TISSUE in the body of an animal or human
The cornea is a membrane that covers the human eyes.
organism
a living thing, often one that is small
Forests are home to loads of plant life and millions of organisms.
photon
a particle having energy but no mass or electric charge
Plants use light photons to convert it to energy.
pigment
the natural coloring of a plant or animal
The dog's fur has a naturally pink pigment.
speculate
to think about something and guess what is possible or likely
Since she never talks, we can only speculate what she is thinking.
starch
a substance that is found in some foods, such as bread and potatoes, that your body changes to energy
Most people get the necessary starch for their diet from potatoes, rice, or bread.
trigger
to start a process
Watching the film triggered a childhood memory.
assure
to make sure that something happens
The boss assured his employees that no one would get fired.
fertilize
to make an egg start to grow into a young person or animal
The sperm will fertilize the egg.
germinate
to start to grow, develop, or come into existence
Most seeds will germinate if they are given water and plenty of sunshine.
interrelated
to bring or enter into reciprocal relation.
nectar
the sweet liquid found in plants
The nectar from the fruit made my hands sticky.
pollinate
to put the POLLEN of one plant onto another for the purpose of producing seeds
Bees and other insects help pollinate flowers.
reproductive
If something is reproductive, it has to do with a living thing producing young.
The reproductive system of a plant is simple.
slender
being thin in an appealing and graceful way
Each creature had sixteen slender tentacles.
utilize
to use something for a given purpose
The Native Americans utilized every part of the buffalo to make efficient use of it.
vascular
pertain to bodily ducts that convey fluid
Working out your body is ultimately working out your vascular system.
communication
the sharing of information, news, etc.
Perhaps the greatest communication satisfaction comes from our close relationships.
corresponding
to relate to, to compare closely
I'm trying to find the corresponding answers to these questions.
decent
being fairly good, acceptable
Those are a decent pair of shoes you got there.
imitate
to do or make something the same way as someone or something else
The art students will try to imitate the style of the famous painter.
intention
a plan to do or achieve something
From this conversation alone, I get the impression that you misunderstood my intentions.
nuance
shade of difference
There are so many nuances to fashion. It’s hard to keep up with it.
precision
the quality of being reproducible in amount or performance
The UFO-looking aircraft can fly and land with precision.
subtlety
a small detail that is usually important but is not obvious
The loud obnoxious man lacked any subtlety.
translation
번역
It is amazing to think that people were convinced that aliens existed, all because of a simple translation mistake.
complicated
difficult, not easy
The directions to build this airplane model are too complicated. I’m returning it to the store.
dialect
a form of a language that is only spoken in a particular region or area of a country
Different parts of England speak in different dialects.
functional
created to be useful or practical
The new cellphones are much more functional than the one ten years ago.
intimately
closely; in a personal relationship
Language acquisition and intelligence are intimately associated with each other.
linguist
a person who speaks and is skilled in several languages
It is not surprising for a linguist to speak more than three different languages.
retain
to keep something or continue to have it
Tom tried to retain his heavyweight championship.
signify
To signify means to be a symbol of something.
A red octagon is used to signify to stop.
syntax
the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence
Research of the two languages revealed their syntax to be very similar.
utmost
the greatest
The situation required utmost sensitivity.
accomplishment
something that you succeed in doing after hard work
It is a great accomplishment to have graduated first in your class.
artisan
someone whose job requires skill with their hands
There is a big difference between items made by an artisan and those made by a machine.
civilization
an organized society where technology and culture are highly developed
Our civilization has evolved over many years.
diverege
갈라지다
inscription
words that are written or cut in something
She asks for an inscription on the ring.
invader
an enemy; a person or group of people who attack ot hurt other people
They put heavy objects behind the gate to reinforce it from the invaders.
irrigation
the act or process of supplying lands with water using pipes or other artificial methods
The ancient Egyptians had developed an irrigation system using water from the Nile river.
population
the total number of people who live in a particular area, such as a city or country
My home town has a population of about 60,000 people.
specialize
특수화하다, 전문화하다
In your letter, specialize who you're writing to.
전화문의 070-4042-1075
