being physically relaxed and at ease
The chair is so comfortable, I can sleep in it.
concrete
a combination of sand, little stones, water and cement mixed together to form a hard and strong building material concrete walls need machines to break down.
constantly
occurring continuously
When you boil milk, you have to constantly stir it.
option
the power or ability to make a choice between different possible choices
If there are too many options, it is hard to make a choice.
organic
relating to food made without certain chemicals, or farming methods that use few chemicals organic foods are good for your health.
psychologist
an expert who studies the mind and behavior
Sigmund Freud is one of the world's most famous psychologist.
stall
a room within a larger structure where a farm animal is kept
The horse is running away from the stall.
symphony
a long piece of music having several parts that is written for an orchestra
I would love to listen to Beethoven's Fifth symphony.
unfortunately
in an unlucky manner unfortunately, I don't have my credit card with me or I'd buy lunch.
yield
a thing or things that are produced, usually in agriculture or business
The yield of corn per acre was quite high.
bionics
the study of certain biological functions
Making plane wings like bird wings would be an example of bionics.
efficient
capable of producing the wanted result without wasting resources such as time, money or energy
That was finished quickly! You’re so efficient.
explore
to examine or talk about something in detail to learn more about it
When the children found the cave, they explored it.
incredibly
in an unbelievable manner
Earth looks incredibly beautiful from the space.
inspire
to give someone an idea to do or make something
A dream inspired the musician to write a song.
modify
to change only certain elements of something and leaving others unchanged
You can modify your computer by adding more hardware.
needle
a very small, thin piece of metal that is used in sewing for pulling thread through cloth
A compass needle points north.
proboscis
a long tube-shaped bodily part in the mouth region of an invertebrate
The needle is shaped like the proboscis of a mosquito!
react
to behave in a certain way as a response to something
Your body reacts to cold by raising the hair on your arms.
saliva
a liquid produced by glands in the mouth saliva is a liquid that keeps mouths from drying out. It also helps break down food.
attract
to make someone notice something; to make something appeal to someone
My brother tried everything, but he couldn't attract the girl's attention.
caterpillar
a long insect with many legs that becomes a butterfly
Have you ever seen a caterpillar turn into a butterfly?
evidence
materials, facts, and information used in a court of law to establish or prove something
There was enough evidence for the judge to find her guilty.
furthermore
in addition to what has recently been said
The flower is not pretty. furthermore, it smells bad.
lack
to be without sufficient quantities of something or to have none at all
The soup lacks taste. Please add some more salt.
release
to free a person or thing from a limited or locked place, such as a prison, a cage or a container
After catching 30 fish, the fisherman released them back into the ocean.
suck
to take in air or liquid by forming a small hole with the lips and pulling with the mouth; to pull on something inside the mouth with the lips and tongue
He sucked the poison out of the little boy’s arm.
unusual
being rare or uncommon; not ordinary
The music is unusual. I’ve never heard anything like it.
wasp
a flying insect that is black and yellow and can sting
The corn plant’s chemical attracts wasps, which like to eat caterpillars.
adjust
to change something a small amount to reach the desired state of function or comfort
This button is for adjusting the volume.
atmosphere
the air around a planet
The Earth’s atmosphere contains oxygen.
crater
a large hole in the earth's surface that is usually caused by the impact of a large object
The craters we can see on the surface of the moon were created by asteroids crashing into its surface.
crescent
having a curved shape with narrow ends and a wider middle
We can see full moons, crescent moons, and new moons in the night sky.
fascinate
to cause a person to become very interested in something
A s one of the largest objects in the night sky, the moon naturally fascinates us.
horizon
the line where the Earth appears to meet the sky
As the ship sailed smoothly across the ocean, the people could see another ship over the horizon.
particle
one of the tiny pieces of matter that form an atom
Smog is made up of air, pollution, and dirt particles.
reflect
to bounce back, as of light, heat, or sound
His car windows are covered with some kind of reflective material. I can’t see in.
scatter
to place or leave things in various places
I dropped the coins and they scattered all over.
visible
being obvious or easy to see
That building is visible for a long distance. It must be very high!
archaeologist
a scientist who finds and studies materials from past human cultures such as tools and buildings
Archaeologists have found evidence of humans living near Jericho from around 8000 BCE.
clue
an object or fact that helps someone understand something or solve a mystery
Could you give me a clue to the answer?
destroy
to damage something so that it cannot be repaired
A car crashed into that wall and destroyed it.
excavation
the act or process of excavating
Excavations in and around Damascus, Syria, show evidence that people have lived there for over 7,000 years.
former
being in the past; having occurred at a time before now
Her former job was in a museum. Now she is an actress in Hollywood.
inhabited
having people living there
That house is not inhabited.
invader
an enemy; a person or group of people who attack ot hurt other people
They put heavy objects behind the gate to reinforce it from the invaders.
recover
to feel better after an illness and return to a healthy state
Jamie recovered all the money he lost.
renowned
being well-known for good things someone has done
Bill Gates is a renowned businessman.
suffer
to experience a particular type of pain or illness
He broke both of his legs, but he didn’t suffer. The ambulance came quickly, and they gave him pain medication.
chaos
a state of utter confusion or disorder
The house was in chaos after the party.
convention
a large formal gathering of people with similar beliefs who make decisions about their common work or interests
Last weekend, they went to a comic book convention.
directed
proceeding or measured in a direction marked as positive or negative
The woman sitting by the camera directs the movie.
identical
being the one and the same person, place, or thing
James and John are identical twins.
performance
the act of doing one's work or completing an activity
Her performance in the classroom will help her in the future.
prank
a trick or act performed on people to make them look foolish or as a joke
Sometimes on April Fools Day, the newspaper will run a fake story as a prank.
reaction
a bodily response to a drug or something eaten
His reaction to his birthday party was surprise.
scene
a part of a play or movie in which something particular happens in one place and at one time
The opening scene of the movie was underground. It was dark and scary.
similarly
in a way that is almost the same as something or someone else
I knew they were sisters because they acted similarly.
specialize
to name something individually
The restaurant specializes in noodles. That is all they serve.
adapt
to change something in order to make it appropriate for a different function
People are smart and can adapt to live in different places.
aspect
the way something seems to be
One interesting aspect of living here is the convenient subway system.
emotional
able to express emotion easily; tending to feel emotion as a reaction to things
The movie’s sad music had an emotional effect on the viewers.
emphasis
special attention or stress given to something to show its importance
Some songs these days put the emphasis on the rhythm of the music rather than the lyrics.
hinder
to make a task, action or goal slow or more challenging to achieve
Poor math skills hinder many kids in school these days.
intelligence
the quality of being clever and quick at understanding
Can a test measure a person’s intelligence?
interact
to act with something else in order to produce a particular effect
The teacher interacts with her students during class.
space
an open area, within which objects are placed
He is building shelves so that he can make space for all of his things.
trip
to stumble
Tom tripped over the rock on the ground.
bride
a woman who is recently married or who will get married soon
A woman about to get married is called a bride.
fatten
to make an animal grow fat so that it is better to eat
I'm on a diet and doughnuts are so fattening.
instruct
to provide someone with knowledge, especially in an official or organized manner
She is responsible for instructing students in the art of dance.
raise
to grow or care for plants or animals
We raise chickens and pigs.
region
a part or area of a country, or the world
They live in a hot, dry region.
starch
a substance that is found in some foods, such as bread and potatoes, that your body changes to energy
Potatoes and rice contain a lot of starch.
suppose
used to ask for or request something in a polite, formal way
I suppose that he will return home by 6pm.
value
something's worth or usefulness in comparison with other things
My family and I have the same values.
weigh
to have a particular amount of weight
Many Efik men believe a woman who weighs 90 kg will make a beautiful bride.
yam
a root vegetable which is like a potato, and grows in tropical regions
We planted yam in our garden.
compare
to look at something with the idea of how it is similar to or different from something else
You can’t compare apples with oranges.
deserve
to be worthy of something
He deserves the award. He is the best scientist.
determine
to cause a particular result
Your exam scores will determine your grade in the class.
illness
an unhealthy condition of the mind or body
The common cold is not a very serious illness.
initially
at first; originally
Shareware is free initially, but users have to pay for it later.
kidney
one of a pair of organs in the body that cleans the blood by removing waste products
Blood is filtered in the kidney.
nutrition
food
There is not much nutrition in a candy bar.
organ
a part of a person's body that does a certain job
Do you know what is the biggest organ in our body?
prone
being likely to do something or have something happen to you, often something bad
The shorter men seemed more prone to disease.
record
official information that is written down and kept for future reference
I keep the records for each year in a separate folder.
affect
to do something that causes a change in someone's situation
The air pollution is affecting our health.
barefoot
not wearing anything on their feet
He suggested that walking barefoot on wet grass or in shallow water was good for people’s health.
familiar
well-known or easily recognized
You look familiar to me. Do I know you?
heal
to become healthy and well again after being damaged or hurt
This cut on my hand is taking a long time to heal.
internal
being or happening inside of something
You should examine the internal structure of a building before buying it.
massage
the act of pressing parts of a person's body in order to relieve pain or cause the person to relax
I got a(n) massage yesterday because my muscles were sore.
shallow
not having much depth
The stream was shallow and we could walk across it.
stimulate
excite to action
Massaging your feet can stimulate other parts of your body.
trail
a series of marks or signs left by something moving
We hiked the trail to the top of the mountain.
typical
having the usual or normal features of a group
He looked like a typical tourist with his camera and baseball cap.
accordingly
in an appropriate way considering what has been said or done
When we receive your instructions, we shall act accordingly.
aim
to intend to achieve a specific goal
You should aim for a score of 90% or better.
appropriate
fitting or proper for a specific person, purpose, time or occasion
Is this shirt appropriate for school?
consider
to think with care
They considered going to Hawaii on vacation, but they decided to go to Bali instead.
content
(usually plural) the items that are contained within something
The content of this report is confusing.
fragment
a part that is broken off of something
Bulleted lists are usually made up of sentence fragment, not whole sentences.
organize
to put things into a certain order
My notes are a mess. I must organize them.
reference book
a book, such as an encyclopedia, dictionary, etc, from which information may be obtained
He is looking for a reference book. It is a Spanish-to-English dictionary.
scan
to look at something very quickly
I don’t read my textbooks. I just scan them.
scroll
(as information) to move up, down, or across a computer screen to be visible
If you scroll down to the bottom of the page, there will be a button with the word "buy" on it.
beetle
an insect with a hard, usually black covering to its body
Look out! There is a beetle crawling on your arm.
benefit
to do good for, to give a benefit to
There are many health benefits if you exercise.
nitrogen
a colorless chemical element without a smell that forms most of the earth's atmosphere
Under the ground, the bean plant’s roots add nitrogen to the soil.
nutrient
a chemical, food, or substance that animals and plants need to live, develop, and be healthy
Fruits and vegetables have many of the nutrients that people need.
pole
a long, narrow piece of material, such as metal or wood, that is often used to hold or support something
I used the ski poles to help me regain balance.
spike
a long, thin rod that ends in a point and is often made of metal
There are spikes on that cactus!
squash
a type of vegetable with a hard skin and firm flesh that is cooked and eaten
I don’t like any kind of squash, not even pumpkins.
stem
the long thin part of a plant that grows above the ground and supports leaves, flowers, or fruit
When we eat celery, we’re eating the stems of a plant.
sturdy
substantially made or built
Corn grows as a tall, sturdy plant.
traditional
involved in a tradition
I wore traditional Korean clothes for the first time.
affordable
capable of being paid for without difficulty
Buying a new car is not affordable for us right now.
astronaut
a person who travels in space
Two astronauts walked into the space craft.
experiment
a scientific test that is performed to study something and see how it reacts to different conditions
The students did an experiment using chemicals.
express
to state or show what you are thinking or how you are feeling
Many students expressed interest in visiting the space museum.
gravity
the force that makes objects with mass fall down towards the ground
Without gravity, we would all be floating in the air.
horizon
the line where the Earth appears to meet the sky
Going to university is a great way to expand your horizon.
improvement
the act or process of improving something
We need to make an improvement on our behavior.
lucrative
producing a lot of money
Professions such as doctors and lawyers can be lucrative.
organization
a group of people with shared interests, formed for a certain purpose
There are many student organizations at my school.
passenger
a person riding in but not driving a vehicle
This bus can seat up to seventy-five passengers.
appearance
the way a person looks to others
When you meet someone over the internet, you talk to them without knowing their appearance.
continue
to keep doing something without stopping
Although Elvis is dead, his music continues to sell.
embassy
the group of people who officially represent their country, or the building they work in
If you lose your passport, go to your country's embassy at once.
gambling
the act or activity of betting money, for example in card games or on horse racing
In most countries, you have to be at least 18 years old in order to gambling.
invest
to buy things and make a profit by selling them when they become more valuable
If you invest in my business, I can promise a good return.
myth
a well-known story from the past intended to explain natural events, religious beliefs, or social customs
Many historians who study ancient cultures must decide if a story is history or just a myth.
reality
what is true as opposed to what is imagined
A few years ago, an American woman named Kathy Kriger made her dream a reality.
reasonably
in a clear and sound manner
Everything in the store is reasonably priced. Nothing is too expensive.
transfer
to move something from one place to a different one
My dad has to transfer to another office.
tune
a group of musical notes that make a nice sound
You can even request your favorite tune from the piano player.
allow
to let someone do something
These days, passengers are not allowed to smoke in taxis.
alternate
serving or used in place of another
When the band canceled at the last minute, an alternate band took its place.
confusing
making mentally foggy or uncertain
Finding the right one was confusing.
excellent
being of very high quality
My sister is an excellent driver.
knowledge
the information, skills and understanding obtained through education and experience
The professor's knowledge of the subject was incredibly high.
lack
the state of having insufficient quantities of something that is needed or none of it at all
I know they are suffering from a lack of money.
landmark
an easily recognizable or important structure that is easy to see
The Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark in Paris.
necessary
being needed or required
It is necessary to study before the test.
replace
to get something new to put in the place of something that is old, broken or missing
I have to replace the battery in my watch.
route
a path or way to travel from one place to another
The quickest route is not always the shortest. Sometimes there are obstacles in the way.
calling card
a small card with personal information about you
Calling cards are like modern business cards.
entertainment
something that entertains
The family enjoyed visiting Las Vegas because of the various entertainment it offered.
expert
someone with special skill in a certain area and knows a lot about that area
When your computer breaks down, it is better to leave it to expert.
fantastic
excellent; very good
That ice cream tasted fantastic!
involve
to have, contain, or include something as part of a greater whole
Some role-playing games involve the use of dice and maps.
particular
being special or more than is typical
They began using cards, in particular tarot cards, for more than entertainment.
predict
to state that something will happen in the future
It is hard to predict which horse will win the race.
primarily
of a main purpose; chiefly
In Europe, cards were primarily used in games.
professional
playing a sport or doing an activity as a job
I am not a professional golfer.
vary
to be different or to change and become different
The price of some food items varies from week to week.
career
a job that someone does for a long time
I have a part-time job at a fast-food restaurant. It is not a(n) career.
comparison
the act of comparing two or more things to each other
Let's make a comparison to see which product is going to be the best for you.
complaint
a statement of unhappiness about something or someone
I don’t like to hear complaints about my work.
face
to stand with the front of your body towards someone or something
The government has to face the problems before they get out of control.
flood
to fill or cover something completely or overly
A lot of new students flood into university every year.
kindergarten
a school or class for young children between the ages of four and six
Most children start their education with kindergarten.
majority
an amount that is most or more than half of a group of people or things
The majority of kindergarten teachers are women.
probably
very likely
It will probably rain this afternoon. We should take our umbrellas.
seek
to search for something or someone
What kind of job are you seeking?
suggest
to state a particular idea or plan to be considered by other people
Bill suggested we fill up our the gas tank before leaving town.
beat
the sound made by a series of regularly paced strikes and hits on an object
My heart beat is usually steady, except when I exercise.
connection
something that connects people or things
My computer doesn't work. I think I'm having problems with my Internet connection.
effective
producing the wanted result
The newspapers are effective advertising media.
noted
well-known, famous
She is a noted musician. She is very skilled in many ways.
quality
the standard or value of something
These are very good quality shoes.
rate
to decide for what ages a movie is appropriate, and assign it a label
How would you rate that movie? Two stars?
rhythm
a pattern of sound and beats in music
I like the rhythm of that song.
steady
continuing without stopping or changing over time
He paints detailed pictures with a steady hand.
theme
the subject of a talk, written work, or thought
The theme song for the movie 'Lion King' is 'Circle of Life'.
workout
exercise
For her daily workout, she goes to the gym.
breathing
the process whereby air is drawn into the lungs and then expelled from them breathing is an automatic function of the body.
burp
expel gas from the stomach
You have to say "excuse me" if you burp.
chew
to perform the act of biting with one's teeth
Dogs like to chew on things.
decibel
a unit that is used to measure how loud a sound is
110 decibel is equivalent to the noise of a rock concert!
equivalent
being alike in quality, value, purpose or degree
Monica is an excellent employee. She is equivalent to two regular employees.
function
the special purpose for which a thing is made or used
The function of an ear is to hear.
lung
one of the two parts of the body that allows people to breathe by drawing in, holding, and pushing out air
You have to push air out of your lungs to blow up a balloon.
nevertheless
despite something that has already been mentioned or established
This is the years most important test. nevertheless, he decided not to study for it.
perspective
a point of view; a way of looking at something
Her perspective of the situation was very different than mine.
skill
the ability to do something successfully, as a result of training, experience and practice
He is learning how to draw. He doesn’t have much skill yet.
advice
a suggestion or an opinion regarding what someone should or should not do
Parents give advice to their kids, but most kids don’t listen.
belongings
something owned by someone
Please be sure you have all your belongings when you leave the train.
classified
divided into groups or types so that things with similar characteristics are in the same group
The books in his study are classified according to subjects.
copy
something that is indistinguishable from something else
That is the original newspaper article. I need to make a copy of it for my report.
fiction
a book or story including ideas , people and events that are not real
Most of us know the difference between fact and fiction when we read.
hoax
an act intended to deceive or trick
The story about the unicorn found in Ireland was only a hoax.
intention
a plan to do or achieve something
Their intention is to make the area a public park.
property
something that is owned by a person, a group, or a business
We bought a piece of property, and we want to build a house on it.
reliable
deserving of one's trust, dependable
The bus isn’t reliable. It’s never on time.
valuable
being worth a lot of money
Her wedding ring is very old and valuable.
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